Research Paper
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE HUMAN PLACENTAL VASCULATURE AFTER NORMAL VAGINAL DELIVERY AND ELECTIVE CESEAREAN SECTION
Background: The placenta is a temporary organ required for the development of embryo and fetus. It allows the physiological exchange between the fetus and the mother. Endothelin is a human protein has three isoforms, endothelin-1, -2, and -3. Endothelin-1 (ET- 1) is the most potent and long lasting vasoconstrictor known. Endothelins has two receptors, ETA and ETB, ETA receptors are found on the external surface of the vascular smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, and binding of endothelin to ETA increases vasoconstriction .Objectives: study the histochemical distribution of vasoactive agent (endothelin -1) in placental tissue after normal vaginal delivery and elective caesarean section which might be a determinant of the onset of parturition.Method: The current study includes studying a forty two placentas (21NVD&21CS) with an eccentric cord insertion were obtained from a healthy pregnant female (with no hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or gynecological diseases or any other major diseases).the placental tissues were histologically prepared for paraffin section. Staining procedure includes histochemical stain for endotheline-1 using goat polyclonal IgG antibody against endothelin-1 as primary antibody and biolinylated as secondary antibody. An immunostaining score according to the graduated intensities of the reaction product was defined and scored blindly by two investigators who scored Staining intensity (-, +, ++, +++, ++++)Results: the median intensity of ET-1 was highest in placenta delivered by normal vaginal delivery (++++) and lowest in cesarean section (+) .The normal vaginal delivery group of placentas was associated with statistically significant higher median ET-1 stain intensity compared to that of cesarean section groupConclusion: ET-1 activity in placental tissue is significantly higher in normal vaginal delivery group.
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